老年语言学发端
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提 要 老年学长期以来一直致力于老年疾病、老年护理、老年心理健康和老年社会问题等研究,老年语言现象很少有人关注。随着人口老龄化疾速加快,以老年语言为研究对象的老年语言学学科建设迫在眉睫。老年语言学研究老年人语言与身脑心衰老相关的负增长现象。老年语言现象可分为两大类4个子类:(1)无损类,包括语常和语误;(2)有损类,包括语蚀和语障。老年人群中超康健和成功老龄人直至临终保持语言无损;通常老龄人随着增龄语言由无损衰变到有损;智退老龄人因疾病导致语蚀和语障,甚至失语。跟语言状态直接相关的是老年人身脑心健康状态。本文对老年身脑心与4个子类的关系通过梳理相关研究逐一做了阐释,并引用作者研制的老年多模态语料库的真实语料对部分关键点做了实证演示;此外还讨论了老年语言学研究方法论。
关键词 老年语言学;老年语常;老年语误;老年语蚀;老年语障
中图分类号 H002 文献标识码 A 文章编号 2096-1014(2019)05-0012-22
DOI 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20190501
Exploring Gerontolinguistics
Gu Yueguo
Abstract For a long time gerontology has been preoccupied with such issues as pathology, epistemology, psychology, retirement of the aging population. The well-being of their linguistic life is generally overlooked, except that brain legions have resulted in language impairment and communication failure. This paper, based on a multimodal corpus of aging and language, introduces a four-category sampling scheme of the aging population: (1) superfit group, (2) successful aging group, (3) normal aging group and (4) abnormal aging group. Linguistically, the first two groups maintain their language competence and performance inherited from the middle adulthood; the normal aging group, the largest, however, undergoes a decline curve from the no...
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