葫芦砧木萎蔫病病原镰刀菌鉴定及其防治药剂的筛选
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摘要 本研究对葫芦砧木萎蔫病病原菌进行了分离鉴定及室内杀菌剂筛选，为葫芦萎蔫病的防控提供参考依据。从嫁接西瓜主产区和葫芦砧木育种大棚采集具有典型萎蔫症状的病样，进行病原菌的分离和鉴定，共得到6株分离物。形态学观察发现分离物具有茄病镰刀菌Fusarium solani的特征。基于病原菌的rDNA-ITS和TEF-1α序列分析，6株分离物的序列与茄病镰刀菌的序列相似性为100%，与形态学鉴定结果一致。采用柯赫氏法则对分离菌株进行致病力验证，结果表明，6株分离物都能使葫芦砧木发病，且症状与田间发病症状一致，其中LS-2致病力最强。选用11种杀菌剂对葫芦茄病镰刀菌进行室内毒力测定，结果表明，供试药剂中，20%硅唑>咪鲜胺EW、70%甲基硫菌灵WP和25%多菌灵WP能很好地抑制茄病镰刀菌菌丝的生长，抑菌率达到80%以上。20%硅唑>咪鲜胺EW的毒力最强，EC50为0.08 μg/mL。
关键词 葫芦砧木; 嫁接西瓜; 萎蔫病; 茄病镰刀菌; 药剂防治
中图分类号： S 436.42 文献标识码： A DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018395
Abstract In order to provide basis for prevention and control of the wilt disease in bottle gourd rootstocks， the causal agent of wilt disease in bottle gourd rootstocks was identified and fungicides widely used in commercial were screened. Diseased plants with typical wilt symptoms in the main production area of grafted watermelon and in the bottle gourd rootstock breeding greenhouse were sampled and used for pathogen identification and characterization. A total of six isolates were obtained. Morphological analysis reviewed that all isolates possessed the characteristics of Fusarium solani. Based on sequence alignment of rDNA-ITS and TEF-1α， sequences of bottle gourd isolates of Fusarium showed 100% identity with those of F.solani， which is consistent with the morphological characteristics. According to Koc...
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