蓝莓煤污病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂筛选
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摘 要：采用单孢分离法分离病原菌，并通过症状观察、形态学、分子生物学、回接方法对病原菌进行鉴定，结果表明，引起蓝莓煤污病的优势病原菌有3种，即尖孢枝孢（Cladosporium oxysporum）、枝细枝孢（Cladosporium ramotenellum）、交链格孢（Alternaria alternate）。为筛选防治蓝莓煤污病的有效药剂，选择7种杀菌剂进行田间药效试验，其中10%多抗霉素、500 g/L异菌脲对蓝莓煤污病防治效果较好，施药4周后相对防效分别达到78.56%、64.09%。
关键词：蓝莓；煤污病；病原菌鉴定；药效
中图分类号：S436.63文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）12-0121-03
Abstract The pathogens of sooty mould in blueberry were isolated with single spore separation， and were conformed through symptom observation， morphological and molecular biological identification and back inoculation. The results showed that the dominant pathogens were Cladosporium oxysporum， Cladosporium ramotenellum and Alternaria alternate. To screen effective agents to control the sooty mould in blueberry， seven fungicides were selected for field efficacy trials. Among which， 10% polyoxin and 500 g/L iprodione had good effects against blueberry sooty mould， and the relative control effects reached 78.56% and 64.09% respectively after application for 4 weeks.
Keywords Blueberry； Sooty mould； Pathogenic identification； Fungicide effect
蓝莓，学名越橘，杜鹃花科越橘属（Vaccinium spp.）植物，小浆果树种[1]。蓝莓果实含有大量对人体健康有益的物质，常食对人的眼睛有良好的保健作用，还可以清除体内自由基，增强毛细血管柔韧性、预防血栓形成、抵抗泌尿系统感染、抑制癌细胞增殖等[2]。
蓝莓煤污病近几年在胶南地区蓝莓园经常发生，初期症状为叶片、枝条上有黑色霉点，后在枝条、叶片上形成深暗绿色点状霉层，严重时可连结成片，直至翌年春天。该病影响植...
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