2种中药材提取物防治小麦蚜虫的田间药效
摘要 [目的]明确苦豆根、板蓝根、吡虫啉3种药剂对麦蚜的防治效果。[方法]采用2年的小区试验，研究苦豆根、板蓝根2种中药材乙醇提取液和吡虫啉颗粒剂对麦蚜的防治效果。[结果]苦豆根乙醇提取液（12.5 mg/ml）和板蓝根乙醇提取液（100.0 mg/ml）的1 000稀释液均对麦蚜具有理想的防治效果，表现出良好的速效性和持效性，药后1 d对麦蚜的防治效果接近90%，药后2 d防治效果达到95%以上。[结论]苦豆根乙醇提取液和板蓝根乙醇提取液在麦蚜发生初盛期即扬花期-灌浆期使用推荐剂量，1次喷药可彻底防治麦蚜，建议作为综合防治麦蚜的药剂大面积推广应用。
关键词 中药材提取物；蚜虫；田间药效
中图分类号 S435.122+.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2015）35-180-02
Abstract [Objective] The aim was to clear field efficacies of two extracts from Chinese herbs and Imidacloprid granules against wheat aphids. [Method] We studied control effects of ethyl alcohol extracts from Chinese herbs Sophora alopecuroides and Radix isatidis and Imidacloprid granules against wheat aphids through 2year field experiment. [Result] The 1 000 times diluents of Sophora alopecuroides extract（12.5 mg/ml）and Radix isatidis（100.0 mg/ml）extract both had ideal control effects on wheat aphids in fields. The control effects were close to 90% at 24 hours and reached more than 95% at 48 hours after spraying. [Conclusion] After the extracts of Sophora alopecuroides extractand Radix isatidis diluted by 1 000 times are sprayed once when wheat aphids are initially prevailing at blooming or filling stage， wheat aphids can be completely controlled， so they are recommended to control wheat aphids in large areas.
Key words Chinese herbal extracts； Wheat aphids； Control efficacy in field
麦蚜是我国北方麦区常发性重要害虫，尤以黄淮海主产麦区的穗期发生最严重[1-2]。麦蚜常以麦长管蚜（Sitobion avenae）和麦二叉蚜（Schizaphis graminum）混合蚜虫的若蚜和成蚜形式为害...
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