“农商社会”的过去\现在和未来
关键词: 江南区域经济;农商社会;宏观经济长波;现代化历程
摘 要: 11”20世纪的中国江南地区自宋以降已经迈入农商社会的门槛,而与此前建立在自给自足小农经济之上的汉唐社会和同时期的华北地区相区别。从商品性农业的成长,市镇网络的形成,早期工业化进程的启动,经济开放度的提高,以及交换手段、商业信用、包买商和雇佣劳动等角度概括出江南农商社会的五大特征。江南农商社会形成于宋元,成熟于明清,自晚清以后发生调整和分化。历史上中国宏观经济盛衰变化的长波受到生态、战乱和制度三个要素的影响和制约,尤以制度要素最为重要。在海外贸易的拉动之下,东南沿海地区自宋元至明初已现开放型市场经济的雏形,却因明清专制集权政府闭关锁国政策之打击而步履蹒跚,终在18世纪西方工业革命之后落后于政治民主、经济自由之世界演进大势。江南区域经济近千年的变迁轨迹表明,经济现代化历程是先从市场化发轫,再发展到工业化、城市化,即由商业革命引发工业革命,从流通领域进入生产领域。
中图分类号: F129
文献标识码: A
文章编号: 10012435(2009)05057115
Past, Present and Future of AgriculturalCommercial Society-Social Economic Development of Jiangnan District since Song Dynasty(from 11 to 20century)
GE Jinfang (School of History, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)
Key words: Jiangnan regional economy; agriculturecommercial society; macro-economic long wave; modernization process
Abstract: From the 11th to 20th century, the Jiangnan district has entered the threshold of agriculturecommercial society since Song Dynasty, which distinguishes from former Han and Tang Dynasties lying on self-sufficient peasant economy andthe same period of north China area. Its five characteristics are summed up from the growth of cash farming, the formation of market town network, the start-up of early industrialization process, economic openness increases due to market expansion, as well as means of exchange, commercial credit, merchant employer, hired labour and ...
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