急性肺栓塞心电图特点及其临床意义
摘 要 急性肺栓塞(acute pulmonary embolism,APE)是一种发病率和死亡率均较高的心血管急症,心电图(electrocardiogram,ECG)评分对APE的诊断和预后评估具有重要价值。在缺乏先进诊断手段的基层医院,正确掌握APE常见心电图异常表现,有利于早期发现APE并给予正确的治疗以改善APE患者预后。
关键词 肺栓塞;心电图;评分;预后
中图分类号:R563.5 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2019)24-0026-03
The significance and performance of electrocardiograms in acute pulmonary embolism
SU Zhaoxia, GONG Hui
(Department of Cardiovasology of Jinshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508)
ABSTRACT Acute pulmonary embolism(APE) is a cardiovascular emergency with high morbidity and mortality. Electrocardiogram(ECG) ratings is of great value to diagnosis and prognosis of APE. In primary hospitals that lack advanced assessment methods, properly mastering the common abnormal performance of ECG in APE patients which is conducive to early detection of APE and proper treatment to improve the prognosis of APE patients.
KEY WORDS pulmonary embolism; electrocardiogram; ratings; prognosis
急性肺栓塞(acute pulmonary embolism,APE)是因肺循环障碍而导致的一种临床和病理生理综合征,主要为内源性或外源性的栓子阻塞肺动脉及其分支所致。据估计,美国APE的年发病率约为60万例,急性死亡率为7%~11%[1]。国内研究显示男性住院患者肺栓塞的发生率为0.2%,女性0.1%,病死率约为8.7%[2]。APE患者心电图異常表现在APE诊断中的作用价值也越来越受到重视,本文就APE的常见心电图异常表现作一综述。
1 去极化异常
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