有机酸在水产养殖中的应用
摘要 有机酸绿色环保，正逐渐取代抗生素成为一种新型无毒无害的抑菌物质。有机酸通过抑制有害菌生长，减少金属污染，增加产量，可用于水产养殖动物的病害防治和饲料添加剂。本文综述了在水产养殖中有机酸抑菌、缓解重金属（Pb、Cd）毒性和降低养殖环境的污染、促消化，增强抵抗力和抗应激作用、促进摄食、提高消化率和增重率等的作用和机理。总结了影响有机酸应用的因素，并展望了有机酸的应用前景，以期为水产养殖中合理利用有机酸提供参考，实现水产健康养殖及可持续性。
关键词 有机酸；水产养殖；饲料添加剂；应用
中图分类号 S964.1 文獻标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2018）17-0222-03
Abstract Organic acids are green and environmentally friendly，as a new type of non-toxic and harmless antibacterial material it gradually replaced antibiotics.Organic acids can be used for aquaculture animal disease control and feed additives by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria，reducing the metal pollution，increasing production.The action and mechanism of organic acid in aquaculture was summarized，such as antibacterial action，alleviating the toxicity of heavy metal（Pb，Cd），reducing the pollution and promoting digestion of aquaculture environment，enhancing the resistance and anti-stress effect，promoting food intake，improving the digestibility and increasing the weight rate. The factors that influence the application of organic acid were summarized and the application of organic acid was prospected，so as to provide references for rational utilization of organic acids in the aquaculture，and realize the health and sustainability of aquaculture fishery.
Key words organic acid；aquaculture；feed additive；application
近年来，我国水产养殖业的品种从传统的鱼类转向种类繁多的虾、蟹、贝类等。最近10年，我国水产养殖产量增长了260%[1]，水产品由以捕捞为主向以养殖为主转变。人们为了追求水产养殖的高效益，而进行高密度养殖或过度投放营养物质，导致水质...
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