政府补贴是否正向提高了企业生产效率?
摘 要：在分税制和晋升锦标赛双重激励下，我国地方政府对本地企业的补贴力度逐年增加。使用2000”2007年180多万家规模以上企业的数据，运用固定效应模型检验政府补贴对企业生产效率的影响，结果表明：政府补贴总体上能够显著提高企业生产效率，且其影响能够持续3年以上；政府补贴的效果存在显著的地区差异，对西部地区企业效率的影响最大，中部地区次之，东部地区最小；政府补贴实际效果还依赖于企业所属的行业性质，补贴仅对40个行业中的22个行业起到显著作用。因此，政府补贴的效果总体上值得肯定；同时，政府在实施财政补贴时应该充分考虑行业差异和地区差异，使财政补贴发挥更加重要的作用。
关键词：政府补贴；企业生产效率；全要素生产率；LP生产率估计方法；政府补贴效果
中图分类号：F812.45；F270 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-8131（2012）02-0027-10
Are the Government Subsidies Increasing
the Firms’ Efficiency Positively?LU Yu-duo, SONG Qiao, LIU Hai-yang
(School of Economics, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Dalian 116024, China)
Abstract: Under the double incentives of system of tax distribution and promotion tournament, China’s local governments increase the subsidy for the firms year by year. We use the data of over 1.8 million big scale enterprises during 2000”2007 to test the impact of governmental subsidies on production efficiency of the firms by using fixed effects model, the results indicate that government subsidies in general improve firms’ efficiency and the impact can last more than 3 years, that the regional efficiency differences of the subsidies is significant, the influence on west region is most, then the middle and then eastern region, and that the actual effect of the subsidies depends on industrial characteristics of the firms and the subsidies can only impact 22 industries among 40 ones. Thus, the subsidy policy is positive, meanwhile, the governments should sufficie...
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