当代美国比较文学的反思
摘要：针对目前美国比较文学界出现的文化研究热和跨学科研究泛化现象，本文追根溯源，考察美国比较文学学科的当代发展历程和研究范式变革，指出其开拓比较文学新研究领域的意义,及其在比较文学学科理论建设上的不足，探讨导致学科危机的内外在原因。在当代国际比较文学界，美国比较文学一直担当了先锋的角色，但在开拓过程中，缺乏足够的学科身份意识和学科理论建设意识，因此出现了比较文学研究中文学主体的失落和学科泛化现象。美国比较文学目前所遇到的困难、问题及其探索之道和经验教训，为中国比较文学今后的发展提供了诸多启示，也促使我们思考自身比较文学学科建设的不足。
关键词：美国比较文学；平行研究；跨学科研究；研究范式；文化研究
Abstract:In view of the status quo of comparative literature in the United States, this paper, by tracing the development of the discipline since the late 1950s, explores the historical roots of its current trends of the 'cultural turn“ and pan-disciplinary studies. It argues that the sustained anxiety and crisis mainly result from the insufficiency in the theoretical construction of the discipline and the renewed paradigms proposed by American School. It also investigates the cultural and academic milieus of the advent of the 'theoretical heat“ and 'cultural turn“ in the field, and analyses their constructive as ewll as deconstructive influences on the discipline. It points out that, in spite of its serious crisis or G.C.Spivak’s declaration of its 'death“, American comparative literature, however, is still dynamic, and exhibits a tendency of further diversification in paradingms and approaches. As a trailblazer in the discipline, what American comparative literature has been exploring should not be oversimplified or neglected. Both its success and failure in the exploration of renewing the discipline are of much revelatory significance to us Chinese comparatists.
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