氮肥减施对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响
摘要：为提高氮素养分资源利用效率、保护生态环境和增加经济效益，以明确文山烟区烤烟的氮肥适宜施用量，以云烟87为材料，研究了不同氮肥减施对烤烟农艺性状、抗病能力、经济性状与经济效益、烟叶内在品质的影响。结果表明：在常规施肥（施氮量為111～116 kg/hm2）基础上，减氮10%～20%有利于烤烟农艺性状的改善，提高抗病能力；减氮10%、20%可提高综合效果，增产幅度别为4.5%、2.2%，增值幅度分别为28.1%、24.1%。
关键词：烤烟；减氮；生长发育；产质量
中图分类号：S572.062文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2017）12-0076-06
Abstract In order to increase the nitrogen use efficiency， protect ecological environment and increase economic benefits， the test was conducted to find out the optimum nitrogen application rate for flue-cured tobacco in Wenshan region. The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer reducing treatmens on the agronomic traits， disease resistance， economic traits， economic benefits and the inner quality of tobacco leaves were analyzed with Yunyan 87 as material. The results showed that on the basis of conventional fertilization （nitrogen amount as 111～116 kg/hm2）， reducing 10%～20% of nitrogen was beneficial to the improvement of agronomic traits and disease resistance. When the reduction of nitrogen was 10% and 20%， the comprehensive effects could be improved， the yield increased by 4.5% and 2.2%， and the benefit increased by 28.1% and 24.1%.
Keywords Flue-cured tobacco； Nitrogen reduction； Growth and development； Yield and quality
烤烟是产质并重的经济作物，其烟叶产量和质量的形成是生态因素、遗传因素和栽培因素共同作用的结果[1]。在栽培因素中，施肥是影响烤烟生长、产量和质量的主要因素之一[2-6]。在施肥因素中，氮素作为烤烟的必需三大营养元素之一，是蛋白质、烟碱、叶绿素、核酸和酶等有机物的重要组分，其供应量直接决定着烟株的营养状况和烟叶的产量与品质[7]。控制氮肥施用是调控烤烟生长发育、烟叶产量和质量...
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