清水江流域苗族侗族婚姻习俗及其演变
摘 要
历代以来，贵州省清水江流域地处西南边陲，交通闭塞，世居在这里的苗族、侗族人在漫长的发展过程形中成了独特的婚姻习俗：如'姑舅表婚“'扁担婚“'入赘婚“等形式以及女子婚后有'不落夫家“等习俗。随着清中央王朝势力的进入，大量汉族人口的入迁以及儒学教育的兴起，清水江流域苗族侗族的婚姻习俗在与中原文化发生碰撞过程中逐渐演变而趋向现代文明。
关键词
清水江 苗族 侗族 婚姻习俗 演变
Abstract For dynasties， the Qingshui River Basin in Guizhou province is located in the southwest border area with inconvenient traffic. Unique marriage customs form among the Miao and Dong people there in the long process of development， such as "marriages between cousins"， "marriages between brothers and sisters in two families"， "marriage with the man living with his bride’s family" and other forms of marriage， as well as the custom that women do not live with their husbands’ families. With the entry of the central government in Qing Dynasty， the migration of a large number of Han people and the rise of Confucianism education， the marriage customs of Miao and Dong nationalities in Qingshui River Basin gradually evolve into modern civilization in the process of colliding with Central Plains culture.
Keyword Qingshui River; Miao nationality; Dong nationality; marriage custom; evolution
一、清水江流域舊时婚姻习俗的主要内容
1.清水江流域旧时婚姻缔结的形式。
（1）包办婚。包办婚指家长按照自己的意愿为成年子女选择婚配对象，对自己儿女的婚姻强行干预，子女在自己的婚姻缔结过程中没有自主权。清水江流域年龄在40岁及以上人的婚姻大多受父母包办的影响，这种包办婚姻导致不少家庭婚姻生活的不幸[1]3。《西南少数民族雷山黑苗概况调查表》对清水江流域民国时期父母包办婚姻描述为：'不管男女成年与否，只要男家父母看中了某家的姑娘，不管他的男孩是否同意，就请媒人上女家去说亲，女家父母如果愿意了，也不管他的女孩同意与否，即行答应...
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