禾谷类白粉菌无毒基因研究进展
摘要
基因对基因假说阐明了病原菌无毒基因（avirulence gene， Avr gene）与寄主植物抗性基因（resistance gene， R gene）相互识别和互作的关系。禾谷类白粉菌无毒基因产物作为重要的激发子，能够与其寄主R基因产物发生特异性互作，诱导植物细胞防卫反应。为了更加深入地了解这些无毒基因的作用，作者总结了最近关于AVRa1、AVRa10、AVRa13、AVRk1、AvrPm2和AvrPm3a2/f2等已克隆无毒基因的研究进展，讨论了它们作为效应蛋白（effector）或激发子的双重功能，在毒性菌株中的变异规律，与其对应R基因之间的互作模型，以及与转座子等重复序列之间的关联等。本文还对无毒基因研究方法的改进和未来的研究方向提出了建议。
关键词
无毒基因; 禾谷类白粉菌
中图分类号：
S 435.12
文献标识码： A
DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018290
Avirulence genes in cereal powdery mildews
YU Dazhao， ZENG Fansong
（Key Laboratory for Integrated Management of Crop Pests in Central China， Ministry of Agriculture of
China， Hubei Key Laboratory for Control of Crop Diseases， Insect Pests and Weeds， Institute of
Plant Protection and Soil Science， Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Wuhan 430064， China）
Abstract
The gene-for-gene hypothesis elucidates the recognition and interaction between avirulence gene （Avr gene） of pathogens and resistance gene （R gene） of hosts. Avr protein of the cereal powdery mildew pathogens， as important elicitors inducing defense reaction in plant cells， can interact specifically with the cognate R proteins of their hosts. To further understand the roles played by these Avr genes， we summarized the recent progress in Avr genes like AVRa1， AVRa10， AVRa13， AVRk1， AvrPm2 and AvrPm3a2/f2. The dual function of these avirulence genes acting as effectors or elicitors， their variation in virulent isolates， the interaction models between them and their cognate R gen...
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